Periodontology is a branch of dentistry dedicated to the study, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth, including the gums and surrounding bone. This specialty focuses on conditions such as gum inflammation and infections (gingivitis) and more advanced gum diseases (periodontitis), which, if left untreated, can lead to the destruction of the supportive tissues and ultimately result in tooth loss.

Periodontal treatments include non-surgical methods such as deep scaling and root planing, as well as surgical procedures aimed at reconstructing and repairing damaged tissues. These treatments help improve oral hygiene, increase the stability of teeth, and reduce the risk of systemic infections, playing a crucial role in maintaining the overall health of the individual.